RPGenerico Mac OS

On Open Source: It is equivalent to set the option 'OnOpenSource=TRUE' in the.Renvironment config file but this can be changed at runtime. Useful to work with external editor such as Alpha. This menu is syncronized with the option you select in the Preference pane. Preferences (under Mac OS only) Opens the R Preferences pane: Help: R Help? Note: The headings on this list indicate the Macintosh System bundle names; the bullet points indicate the version of the System File included in that bundle. This is to make it clearer for people searching for specific bundle versions as opposed to System File versions. Finder File versions are not indicated. 1 Classic Mac OS 1.1 Macintosh System Software (0 - 0.3) 1.1.1 System File 1 1.1.2. PingPlotter Free, Standard, and Professional editions are supported under the following versions of Mac OS X. OS X Yosemite (10.10) OS X El Capitan (10.11) macOS Sierra (10.12) macOS High Sierra (10.13) macOS Mojave (10.14) macOS Catalina (10.15) Hardware Requirements Minimum Requirements. Easily check which versions of mac OS, iOS, iPadOS, or watchOS are compatible with your Mac model or iDevice. Guide includes OS X 10.8.x to macOS 11.0.x. GenoProX will be a MacOS native app, however it is still in development stage. However, you can run GenoPro 2020 on your Mac. GenoPro 2020 is a Windows platform application, but it will run on your Mac with the help of special software such as CrossOver, Parallels or VMFusion.

Rpgenerico Mac Os Catalina
Rpgenerico Mac Os Downloads

So, you’ve decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac’s performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we’ll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.

A list of all Mac OS X versions

We’ll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it’s good to know the basic macOS timeline.

Cheetah 10.0	Puma 10.1	Jaguar 10.2
Panther 10.3	Tiger 10.4	Leopard 10.5
Snow Leopard 10.6	Lion 10.7	Mountain Lion 10.8
Mavericks 10.9	Yosemite 10.10	El Capitan 10.11
Sierra 10.12	High Sierra 10.13	Mojave 10.14
Catalina 10.15

STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation

Given your Mac isn’t new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have “fuel” to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.

Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:

Uninstall large unused apps
Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
Locate the biggest files on your computer:

Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)

Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)

STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download

Rpgenerico Mac Os Catalina

Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That’s why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.

How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store

If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you’ll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn’t always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:

Click the App Store icon.
Click Purchases in the top menu.
Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
Click Download.

This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.

Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer

If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.

Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.

Purchase an older version of Mac operating system

You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.

Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8

The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.

How to get macOS El Capitan download

If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it’s possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:

1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.

“I can’t download an old version of Mac OS X”

If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don’t expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.

But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.

After you’ve completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.

STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive

The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.

Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
Select external drive as a source.
Enter your Apple ID.

Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is “captured” onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.

Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
Connect the external drive.
Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.

Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.

How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions

If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave

Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina

Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).

Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version

If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.

Version for `R 1.6.0`

S. M. Iacus

Changes and bug fixing specific to this version:

new scripts to build packages: makeAdd, makeRcmd, makeBio all the makefiles have been moved to src/macintosh/makefiles folder
implemented the Quartz device (when running under OSX only)
brand new worskspace browser, see Tools menu
added and/or fixed internally mkdir and rmdir. Now unlink(), dir.create() etc work correctly
html help handled via applescript. More stable and almost browser independent
improved applescript support
implemented browseURL
implemented tempdir and tempfile according to Unix/Windows behaviour
Date arithmetic fails (PR#1819). This bug have been partially fixed. Arithmetic is fine now but there is still a problem with the TZ (Time Zone) settings.
fixed a bug in Locator of Macintosh device. Now it is possible to interrupt it.
From this version WasteLib 2.1x is required

rmac-FAQ.html

This is the ReadMe file of R for Macintosh Application.

We discuss here the following topics:

* NEWS
* THE GUI
* APPLE SCRIPT SUPPORT
* EXTERNAL EDITOR INTERACTION
* MEMORY
* SPECIFYING OPTIONS: the Preferences pane
* SPECIFYING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES: the .Renviron file
* THE USER MENU
* R HELPERS
* SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
* KNOWN BUGS
* SHORT FAQ (in the MAC-FAQ)
* REMERCIEMENTES

NEWS
There are several enanchements in this release. Most of them concern the user interface of R application but one of the most important novelty is that now
R runs both on MacOS and MacOS X using Carbon technology. This means that when you run R from MacOS X it run natively under the new System without calling the Classic Compatibility Module. The use of R under MacOS X takes lots of advantages starting from the new Aqua look.

As this version is based on the new Carbon technology some new bugs can appear that we were'nt able to found before releasing R officially.

Any feedback is then welcome at stefano.iacus@unimi.it

THE NEW GUI
Several menus are now present from this release. The structure of the menus is as follows with a brief description.

Menu	Item	Shortcut	Brief description
Apple (or Application Menu under MacOS X)
About R	Opens the R information dialog. Reports release informations.
Preferences	(under OS X only, see the Config menu for pre X Systems)	Opens the R Preferences pane
File
New Edit Window	N	Opens an empty editable window. You can usethis as an internal editor for R. If the current active window isa graphic device window than a new macintosh() device will be opened.
Edit Object	E	Is the equivalent of 'edit(object)'
Source File	O	Opens a file and sources it. This is equivalent to 'source(file)'
Open File For Editing	Opens a file in an editable window.Useful when you want to modify an existing script and test it.
File Show	F	Open a file in a non editable window. This isthe equivalent of R command 'show.file(file)'
Load Workspace File	L	If you want to load a wspace image otherthan '.RData'
Save Workspace As	If you want to save an image file other the '.RData'
Page Setup	Calls the printer driver page setup
Print	P	Print the text window (R Console etc) or the imagein the graphic device window. The image is rescaled to the page dimension of your printer.
Save	S	Save the window. This could be the content ofthe R Console i.e. your current R session any text window or the graphic device window.
Save As...	Save the window. This could be the content ofthe R Console i.e. your current R session any text window or the graphicdevice window. This menu acts as a standard 'Save As' menu so you have to specify each time the filename.
Close	W	Closes the current window. If it is the R Console window than it is interpreted as quitting R.
Quit	Q	This menu item is on the Application Menu under MacOS X
Edit
Undo	Z
Cut	X
Copy	C	If you use it on a graphic device window theimage is copied to the clipboard (see also knownbugs)
Paste	V
Copy & Paste	You copy some text and the resultis pasted into the R Console window. You use thiswhen you select a piece of R code of text windowand then you want to R to execute it. This is quite useful when you want to test part of your script of the examples of an help window
Clear
Select All	A
Goto line	Active only for editable windows. It moves thecursor to a certain line
Tools
Show Workspace	It is equivalent to 'ls()'
Clear Workspace	It is equivalent to 'rm(list=ls())'
Browse Workspace	It is equivalent to 'browseEnv(html=FALSE)'
Load Workspace	Loads the '.RData' file; equivalent to load('.RData')
Save Workspace	Save the workspace to '.RData'; equivalent to 'save.image()'
Load History	It is equivalent to 'loadhistory()'
Save History	It is equivalent to 'savehistory()'
Show History	It is equivalent to 'history()'
Change Working Directory	D	Allows the user to change the workingdirectory by using a standard dialog
Show Working Directory	It is equivalent to 'getwd()'
Reset Working Directory	It is equivalent to 'setwd(R.home())'
Show Libraries	It is equivalent to 'library()'
Show DataSets	It is equivalent to 'data()'
Windows
R Console	This menu contains by default only the 'R Console' item and it is dynamically changed by appending/removing the names of any new/closed window
Config
Allow Interrupt	It is equivalent to set the option 'Interrupt=TRUE' in the .Renvironment config file but this can be changed at runtime. This menu is syncronized with the option you select in the Preference pane.
On Open Source	It is equivalent to set the option 'OnOpenSource=TRUE' in the .Renvironment config file but this can be changed at runtime. Useful to work with external editor such as Alpha. This menu is syncronized with the option you select in the Preference pane.
Preferences	(under Mac OS only)	Opens the R Preferences pane
Help
R Help	?	It is equivalent to 'help.start()'
Help On Topic	Opens a dialog where the user can specify an item he or she wants to see. equivalent to 'help(topic)' or '?topic'
Search Help On	Opens a dialog where the user can specify an argument to have help on. It is equivalent to'help.search('topic')'
Run An Example	Opens a dialog where the user can specify an item of which he or she wants to run anexample of. It is equivalent to 'example(topic)'.
Link Packages Help	After installing a new package you need to link help files database.

About R windows.
Normally R opens windows to let 80 character/columns to be displayed. The size of the windows is calculated on the basis of the size of the font used.
For non fixed fonts the algorithm can fail so the window can result a bit larger or smaller then needed.
R windows are opened in cascade for each class (edit windows, file show windows and graphic windows). This functionality does not work on MacOS X yet.

APPLE SCRIPT SUPPORT
From release 1.3.1 R has partial support for AppleScripts. This means two things: you can run applescripts from inside R using the command applescript() (see the corresponing help) or you can ask R to run commands from and applescript. The directory 'scripts' in the main R folder contains two examples of applescripts. What follows is an example of applescript that interacts with R.

set CommandLine to 'R.Version()'
try
tell application 'R'
activate
with timeout of 90000 seconds
cmd CommandLine
cmd 'Sys.getenv()'
end timeout
end tell
end try

Where cmd is the applescript command in the R dictionary that is used to tell R to execute an R command in the R Console. The syntax is cmd<command string>, where command string have to be in quotes. Actually, the output of the command is not sent back to the application that is calling R but to the R Console.

EXTERNAL EDITOR INTERACTION
From release 7.4.1 of the famous Alpha editor, there is a (tcl) mode called S+/R.
When you open a file in Alpha with the extension '.s' or '.r' this new mode will be installed and you will in the Alpha menu bar the 'S+/R' menu. Of this menu you can use 'Process File' or 'Process Selection' to interact with R. By default Alpha sends an `open' command to R and by default R opens a file in a non editable window (equivalent to the `File Show' menu). If you want R to source a file you should modify activate the option 'OnOpenSource' that is set by default to 'FALSE'. You can change this at runtime running via the Config/OnOpenSource menu or accessing the Preferences pane. The latest version of Alpha can be found at ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/pub/alpha/

Rpgenerico Mac Os Downloads

MEMORY
Under MacOS you should reserve a fixed amount of memory to each application. As R is just an application, you need to set this to a bigger amount of memory if for some reason R went out of memory. To do this, go to the Finder and select the R aplication icon. Then with CMD+I key obtain the Information for R. Select 'Memory' and the fix the amount of memory you need. Under MacOS X, there is no need to reserve memory to R. R will use as much memory as it needs.

SPECIFYING OPTIONS: the Preferences pane
The Preferences pane allow you to configure a bit R GUI and behaviour. You can set the tab size in your edit windows, the font type and size of text windows and R Console as well as the colors of the text in R Console. You can also specify a particular font for the graphic device and the resolution of the graphic device. Finally you can specify if R should accept User breaks (CMD+. or Esc). If this option is enabled R is a bit slower. You can instruct R on what to do when a file is opened: source it or simply show in the internal viewer.

Take care that under MacOS R creates a file in the Preferences folder of you System Folder. If you switch to MacOS X than, this folder is no longer the default Preferences folder so you have either to move th 'R preferences' file to '~user/Library/Preferences/' directory or reset the preferences. If you have different logins under OS X, remember that each user should set its own preferences.

SPECIFYING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES: the .Renviron file
In this file you can specify some of options or environment variables. This is not standard for general MacOS/X applications but has been implemented for compatibility reasons. If you don't need to set environment variables you can ignore what is in this file.
The environment file is used by R application both to simulate the enviroment on a standard Unix or Windows system.
You can always use 'Sys.getenv()' to see which variables are set to some values.
The .Renviron file looks like this: an option is a 'Rkey' with its 'keyvalue' that you can specify in new separate line as follows RKey=keyvalue. Consider that RKey=keyvalue and RKey = keyvalue are different, that means that blanks/spaces are significant. 'RKey' and 'keyvalue' are case sensitive. A symbol '#' at the beginning of a line means that this is a commented out line.
You can find more details on that in the .Renviron file itself.

THE NEW USER MENU
The user has now the ability to create a menu with several menuitems, up to 99, where to keep preferred R commands.
With the commands add.menu.cmd('label','R_command') the user adds a menuitem named 'label' to the User menu. When the command is selected from the menu, R executes the command 'Rcommand' associated to it. The User menu is created dynamically, so that user will never see it if he does not add any item to it.
Several functions to manipulate the user menu are previewed:

get.menu.cmd('label')	returns the R Command associated to menu item 'label' and the corresponding menu number
get.num.cmd(menunum)	returns the R Command associated to menu item number 'menunum' and the corresponding menu label
del.menu.cmd('label')	removes the menu item 'label' from the User menu
del.num.cmd(menunum)	removes the menu item numbered 'menunum' from the User menu
del.usr.cmd('label')	removes the whole User's menu
add.menu.cmd('label','RCommand')	adds a menu item to the User's menu, if any, with associated the R command 'RCommand'

R HELPERS
* If you want to use an external editor we suggest you to use Alpha version 7.4.1 or newer that contains a S+/R mode. Alpha home page is located at http://www.kelehers.org/alpha/.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

To run the R application you need at least 42MB of free memory for the application itself you work under MacOS but there is no limitations under MacOS X as virtual memory is always on.
You need the latest version of the CarbonLib library from Apple. At the time of this release, version 1.4 is the current non developer release. Normally it is included in System 9.2 and X.
Now R needs the f2cLib shared library to run. This library is distributed with R but in case you miss it you can found it here.
The minimum System version release is 8.6 (+ CarbonLib library).
You need the WasteLib library. This library is distributed with R binaries.
You need the zlibLib library. This library is distributed with R binaries.

KNOWN BUGS

This version of R and Adobe ATM are incompatible. We are looking at the problem. The solution is that you should switch ATM off before running R. (Thanks to R. Gill for feedback on this bug)
Internet functionality is not available yet. We are working on this.
Mathematical expressions are not yet well spaced moreover, mathemathic symbols are not rotated.

SHORT FAQ (in the MAC-FAQ)

Q	How can I manage invisible files under MacOS X ?
A	Under Unix it is typical that invisible files are files starting with a '.' (dot) in the filename. MacOS X conforms to this convention. So it could happen that your preferred editor doesn't allow you to open and or write files like .Rprofile or .Renviron under MacOS X (this is the case of BBedit as reported by one user). You have several options: one of this is to a file like 'some_file' with your editor or R, and then use the system() command to change its name as follows system('mv some_file .some_file'). Then use system('ls -al') to see if all went right.
Q	On exit: Why I can't save the workspace image via file dialog under MacOS X ?
A	As before, files starting with a dot, such as '.RData' cannot be managed directly via standard dialogs (you can see invisible files but you can't specify them as filenames !) To save the workspace image, you can either save it with a different name (e.g. 'RData', but in this the workspace image will not be reloaded the next you start R), or you save it beofre quitting R: type 'save.image()' from the R Console and then 'q()' replying 'n' when R asks for 'Save workspace image? [y/n/c]:'.
Q	How can I work on a separate directory for each of my projects?
A	Under Unix you usually create a directory, go into it and launch R. Under MacOS you can create a directory and put all the files that you need there. You then (or before) run R in its own directory and use the menu item 'Tools->Change Working Directory' to change the current working directory to directory you have created. You can then work as you do in Unix. You can save/load workspace image to this directory, as well as the command history files. You can then reload these next time you work.
Q	How can I interrupt lengthy operations or output ?
A	You can now use the standard Macintosh control break sequence, that is you should press 'Cmd option' and '.' (dot). This will interrupt any R loops. The 'Esc' key gives you the same result.
Q	How can I change memory settings for R ? (MacOS pre X only)
A	You cannot use the standard settings as on other platforms. You should assign memory to R from the Finder/Information dialog for R application. See Section 'Memory' above.
Q	When I use to send R output to a file like 'my_file', R seems to work on this file but I cannot find it. What happened ? (MacOS X only)
A	On MacOS X it is important to specify correctly the file names. If you want the file to be created in your current working directory you have to put a ':' before file name, such as ':myfile' otherwise the file will be created as '/my_file', i.e. in the root '/' directory. This is in particular important when you specify directories relative to your current working directory.

REMERCIEMENTS
I would like to thank among the others (only few I can remember due to my brain volatility...) some of the people who have contantly sent me feedback on this Macintosh port of R or simply suggetested me some possibile directions. So, merci, in random order, to P. Macdonald, P. Flint, R. Gill, K. Pflugshaupt, J. DeLeeuw, G. Sawitzki and half of the R-Core.

stefano.iacus@unimi.it